基于Sentinel-2的潮间红树林提取方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐芳  张英  翟亮  刘佳  谷祥辉 《测绘通报》2020,(2):49-54

位于潮间带的红树林可能在高潮时被海水淹没的特点，使得传统的植被提取方法在红树林信息提取方面存在局限性。本文在对比分析了出露的红树林、高潮水位淹没的红树林、海水水体的光谱特征后，提出了一种利用归一化潮间红树林指数（NIMI）提取潮间带红树林的方法。该指数是由植被强吸收的红波段，强反射的两个红边波段和近红外波段组成的归一化表达式。利用该指数对福建省龙海九龙江口湿地的红树林进行了分类提取，提取结果与高分二号影像目视验证和现场调查结果进行了对照。结果显示，该方法提取红树林的用户精度达到93.98%，并显著优于利用归一化水体指数（NDWI）、归一化植被指数（NDVI）及随机森林的结果。  相似文献   

基于2 m格网点云数据的高精度DEM制作第三次国土调查坡度图     

李国华 《测绘通报》2020,(8):117-121

地形地貌随着时间的推移时刻发生变化，以高精度数字高程模型（EDE）数据制作坡度图，进而计算田坎系数，更精准地进行耕地面积计算及统计。以2 m格网点云数据生成的DEM数据为基础，按照第三次全国国土调查的相关技术要求，根据耕地坡度分级要求进行分级，生成坡度分级栅格数据图。对坡度分级栅格数据图进行矢量化，生成坡度分级矢量化数据。对矢量化数据进行图斑综合、界线平滑、拓扑重建、数据裁切等处理，制作完成调查区域坡度图及相关属性数据制作。并对生产的坡度图成果进行分析，找出不同尺度格网生产的坡度图的技术差异，并对高精度坡度的应用进行了展望。  相似文献   

Wave energy conversion under constrained wave-by-wave impedance matching with amplitude and phase-match limits     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

This paper investigates an approach to limit the fullness of ‘tuning’ provided by wave-by-wave impedance matching control of wave energy devices in irregular waves. A single analytical formulation based on the Lagrange multiplier approach of Evans [1] is used to limit the velocity amplitude while also limiting the closeness of the phase match between velocity and exciting force. The paper studies the effect of the present technique in concurrently limiting the device velocity and the required control/actuation force. Time domain application requires wave-profile prediction, which here is based on a deterministic propagation model. Also examined in the time domain is the effect of possible violation of the displacement constraint, which for many designs implies impacts at hard stops within the power take-off mechanism. Time domain simulations are carried out for a 2-body axisymmetric converter (with physical end-stops) in sea states reported for a site off the US east coast. It is found that the approach leads to effective power conversion in the less energetic sea states, while as desired, considerable muting of the optimal response is found in the larger sea states. Under the assumptions of this work, the end-stop collisions are found to have a minor effect on the power conversion. The present approach could be used to guide the design of power take-off systems so that their displacement stroke, maximum force, and resistive and reactive power limits are well-matched to the achievable performance of a given controlled primary energy converter.  相似文献   

瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachellii)Toll样受体2(TLR2)基因克隆及免疫功能     

覃川杰  龚全  文正勇  袁登越  王均  贺扬  邵婷 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(1):198-206

为探究Toll样受体2(Toll-like receptor 2,TLR2)及下游免疫分子对瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachellii)机体的保护作用,本研究采用RT-PCR及RACE法获得瓦氏黄颡鱼TLR2全长c DNA(2611bp),编码789个氨基酸残基,含有10个富含亮氨酸的重复序列(Leucine Rich Repeat,LRR)和Toll/IL-1R(Toll/IL-1 Receptor Domain,TIR)同源区结构域,属I型跨膜受体。序列同源性比对发现,瓦氏黄颡鱼TLR2 c DNA与斑点叉尾、鲤及虹鳟的同源性分别为78%、62%及49%。系统进化树分析表明,瓦氏黄颡鱼TLR2与斑点叉尾聚为一支。q RT-PCR分析表明,TLR2 m RNA在检测的组织中均有表达,且在头肾和脾脏中表达水平显著高于其他组织(P0.05)。嗜水气单胞菌感染能显著上调瓦氏黄颡鱼肝脏、头肾及脾脏中TLR2 m RNA表达(P0.05),分别在24h、48h及12h达到最大值。头肾中的TLR 2信号通路下游的髓样分化因子、半胱氨酸蛋白酶8、核转录因子kappa B、肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1βm RNA均显著上升(P0.05),分别在24h、12h、48h,48h和48h达到最大值。结果表明,嗜水气单胞菌感染激活了TLR2信号通路,通过上调表达,肿瘤坏死因子α,白细胞介素1β等。本研究表明,TLR2在瓦氏黄颡鱼抵御嗜水气单胞菌侵染的过程中发挥了重要的免疫作用。  相似文献   

基于高斯两步移动搜寻法的村镇避难场所可达性研究     

但文羽  肖映辉  胡周灵  詹庆明 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(10):1412-1421

避难场所可达性是指避难场所与受灾居民之间的通达性,即灾害发生时,避难人员通过避难疏散通道到达避难场所的难易程度,是评价避难场所布局合理性的重要指标。本研究结合高斯两步移动搜寻法和网络分析法,从供需双向出发对村镇地区避难场所进行可达性分析。2种方法的结合,既充分考虑了需求点与设施点的相互作用,又充分考虑了设施点的吸引力随距离的衰减关系,并基于实际道路,以步行疏散时间作为搜索半径,降低了传统研究中因忽略供需间相互作用及实际距离而引起的可达性结果的误差。最后,以神农架松柏镇区为例,验证该方法的实际应用价值。结果表明,该方法能够有效测定村镇地区避难场所的空间可达性,同时,基于GIS软件可以直观地揭示研究区域内避难场所可达性空间分布差异。该方法可为制定科学的村镇防灾减灾规划提供方法支持。  相似文献   

Properties of geogrid-reinforced marine slope due to the groundwater level changes     

Ramin Vali  Jie Li  Gholamreza Shams  Pieter van Gelder 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(6):735-748

Evaluation of slope stability, especially in the absence of a proper bed such as marine soils, is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering. Using geogrid layers to enhance the strength and stability of embankments is regarded as a commendable stabilization method. On the other hand, groundwater level erratically fluctuates in coastal areas. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the effects of groundwater level changes on stability of a geogrid-reinforced slope on loose marine soils in Qeshm Island, Iran. At first, geotechnical properties of the site were obtained by comprehensive series of geotechnical laboratory and in situ tests. Then, by simultaneous changes of groundwater level and several parameters such as embankment slope, loading, geogrid length, geogrid number, and tensile strength of geogrid, different characteristics such as embankment safety factor (SF), vertical and horizontal displacements at embankment top and embankment base were studied. It was observed that groundwater level had significant effects on behavior of the embankment. For most of the observations, by decreasing the groundwater level, the displacements decreased and consequently safety factor increased. Increasing the length, number, and tensile strength of geogrid led to the reduction of displacements and an increase in the safety factor.  相似文献   

北斗在南/北极地区的基本定位性能评估     

徐炜  贾雪  乔方  刘扬  严超  王涛 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(12):1268-1273

基于BDS、GPS系统的星座结构，对当前的BDS二代导航系统（BD2）、全部建成后的BDS系统在极地科考站（黄河站、昆仑站、中山站、长城站）和北极圈的可见卫星数、DOP值、定位精度等进行评估，并将建成后的BDS、GPS及其组合系统在南/北极的基本定位性能进行对比分析。仿真结果表明，当前的BD2只实现了极地的部分覆盖，对极地提供导航定位的能力有限，大范围内的定位精度大于30.0 m； BDS在极地的定位精度将与GPS相当，可见卫星数可达13颗左右，PDOP值优于1.6，定位精度优于8.0 m；GPS/BDS组合后在极地的PDOP值优于1.4，定位精度优于6.0 m。
  相似文献   

Variations in glacier volume and snow cover and their impact on lake storage in the Paiku Co Basin,in the Central Himalayas     

Xingxing Zhang  Rui Wang  Zhijun Yao  Zhaofei Liu 《水文研究》2020,34(8):1920-1933

Glaciers and snow cover are important constituents of the surface of the Tibetan Plateau. The responses of these phenomena to global environmental changes are sensitive, rapid and intensive due to the high altitudes and arid cold climate of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on multisource remote sensing data, including Landsat images, MOD10A2 snow product, ICESat, Cryosat-2 altimetry data and long-term ground climate observations, we analysed the dynamic changes of glaciers, snow melting and lake in the Paiku Co basin using extraction methods for glaciers and lake, the degree-day model and the ice and lake volume method. The interaction among the climate, ice-snow and the hydrological elements in Paiku Co is revealed. From 2000 to 2018, the basin tended to be drier, and rainfall decreased at a rate of −3.07 mm/a. The seasonal temperature difference in the basin increased, the maximum temperature increased at a rate of 0.02°C/a and the minimum temperature decreased at a rate of −0.06°C/a, which accelerated the melting from glaciers and snow at rates of 0.55 × 10⁷ m³/a and 0.29 × 10⁷ m³/a, respectively. The rate of contribution to the lake from rainfall, snow and glacier melted water was 55.6, 27.7 and 16.7%, respectively. In the past 18 years, the warmer and drier climate has caused the lake to shrink. The water level of the lake continued to decline at a rate of −0.02 m/a, and the lake water volume decreased by 4.85 × 10⁸ m³ at a rate of −0.27 × 10⁸ m³/a from 2000 to 2018. This evaluation is important for understanding how the snow and ice melting in the central Himalayas affect the regional water cycle.  相似文献   

敞开酸溶和偏硼酸锂碱熔ICP-MS法测定多金属矿中的稀土元素及铌钽锆铪   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

门倩妮  沈平  甘黎明  冯博鑫 《岩矿测试》2020,39(1):59-67

用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定地质样品中的稀土及难熔元素,混合酸敞开酸溶法和碱熔融法是两种主要的溶样方法。但地质样品组分复杂,元素之间存在相互共生的现象,对于特殊元素、特殊样品用传统酸溶法会造成部分元素消解不完全,使测定结果不准确;而碱熔法的操作过程繁琐,且溶液盐度高,易产生基体干扰和堵塞仪器进样系统。本文改进了传统四酸和五酸体系,采用氢氟酸-硝酸-硫酸敞开酸溶体系,用国家一级标准物质制作标准曲线测定15种稀土元素,方法准确度(ΔlgC)为0.001～0.027。同时改进了偏硼酸锂碱熔法,样品用偏硼酸锂碱熔提取,加入氢氧化钠调节溶液至碱性条件,所测元素与偏硼酸锂共沉淀后过滤分离熔剂,再用硝酸复溶测定15种稀土元素及铌钽锆铪。两种溶样方法的测定值与认定值的相对误差为1.09%～9.30%。将混合酸敞开酸溶法测定稀土元素、偏硼酸锂碱熔法测定铌钽锆铪的结果与其他实验室密闭酸溶法相比,两组数据的相对偏差为0.13%～15.32%。本实验表明,混合酸敞开酸溶法适用于测定地质样品中的稀土元素,偏硼酸锂碱熔法不仅适用于测定地质样品中的稀土元素及铌钽锆铪,也适用于测定如古老高压变质岩石及铝含量高的样品中的铌钽锆铪。  相似文献   

基于广义回归神经网络的全球表层海水1°×1°二氧化碳分压数据推演     

钟国荣  李学刚  曲宝晓  王彦俊  袁华茂  宋金明 《海洋学报》2020,42(10):70-79

表层海水二氧化碳分压是评估海洋碳源汇强度的关键参数，但其实测数据较少、时空分布极不均匀，导致二氧化碳交换通量的估算有很大的不确定性，海洋源汇特征就不能确切获取。为了解决这个难题，在收集的表层大洋二氧化碳地图(Surface Ocean CO₂ Atlas，SOCAT)实测数据集基础上，运用广义回归神经网络建立二氧化碳分压与经纬度、时间、温度、盐度和叶绿素浓度间的非线性关系，构建了1998?2018年间全球1°×1°经纬度的表层海水二氧化碳分压格点数据，其标准误差为16.93 μatm，平均相对误差为2.97%，优于现有研究中的前反馈神经网络、自组织映射神经网络和机器学习算法等方法。根据构建的数据所绘制的全球表层海水二氧化碳分压的分布与现有研究有较好的一致性。  相似文献